{"id":637,"date":"2020-02-25T15:50:56","date_gmt":"2020-02-25T23:50:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/?p=637"},"modified":"2020-02-25T15:53:21","modified_gmt":"2020-02-25T23:53:21","slug":"cross-border-shooting-case-decided-today","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/?p=637","title":{"rendered":"Cross-Border Shooting Case Decided Today"},"content":{"rendered":"

Today the U.S. Supreme Court held in Hernandez v. Mesa<\/em><\/a> that the parents (citizens of Mexico) of a teenager (also a citizen of Mexico) who was shot and killed by a U.S. Border Patrol Agent on the Mexican side of the U.S.-Mexico border are prohibited from suing the agent for damages under the U.S. Constitution.<\/p>\n

CJLF originally joined the case in 2017 to encourage a decision denying the lawsuit.\u00a0 We argued that in a case involving relations between the U.S. and a foreign country, the judicial branch should not step in but should leave the matter to Congress.\u00a0 CJLF’s amicus curiae<\/em> brief in that case (Hernandez I)<\/em> is available here.<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

In 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court created an implied cause of action for damages arising directly under the Constitution.\u00a0 That case was Bivens v. Six Unknown Federal Narcotics Agents<\/em>, and it involved a Fourth Amendment violation by federal agents.\u00a0 The Court has extended Bivens<\/em> twice, the last in 1980.\u00a0 Since then the Court has refused to imply a Bivens<\/em> type cause of action and remedy to any new context or category of defendants.<\/p>\n

While\u00a0Hernandez I<\/em> was pending, the Court decided Ziglar v. Abbasi<\/em>.\u00a0 In that case, the Court again refused to extend Bivens.\u00a0<\/em> The Court held that alleged terrorists from a foreign country could not sue U.S. officials for implementing anti-terrorist policies.\u00a0 The Court remanded Hernandez I<\/em>\u00a0 back to the Fifth Circuit to determine if the\u00a0Bivens<\/em> question was affected by the Abbasi<\/em> decision.\u00a0 On remand, the Fifth Circuit held that the “transnational aspect” of the case presented a “new context” and that the presence of multiple “special factors” weighed against extending Bivens<\/em>.\u00a0 The Fifth Circuit again affirmed and refused to recognize a Bivens<\/em> claim for the cross-border shooting.<\/p>\n

In 2019, CJLF again joined the case to encourage a decision affirming the Fifth Circuit. Today the Court did just that in a 5-4 decision.\u00a0 CJLF’s brief in Hernandez II<\/em> can be found here<\/a>.\u00a0 The majority found that the Court’s previous practice of implying causes of action created great tension between the “Constitution’s separation of legislative and judicial power.”<\/p>\n

Judicially created damages arising directly under the Constitution are a disfavored relic of the past.\u00a0 When a party asserts a Bivens<\/em> type cause of action under the Constitution, a two-step analysis must follow:\u00a0 (1) whether the case presents a “new context”, and, if yes (2) whether “special factors” are present that would cause\u00a0 a court to hesitate before extending Bivens<\/em> into that new context.<\/p>\n

CJLF argued, and the Court agreed, that a cross-border shooting of a noncitizen on foreign soil absolutely presents a “new context.”\u00a0 The Court also agreed that “multiple, related factors” raised warning flags and counseled against extending Bivens<\/em> here.<\/p>\n

Factors such as the potential effect on foreign relations and national security concerns are best left to the legislative branch.\u00a0 CJLF argued that Congress, not the judiciary, is the proper branch to decide if noncitizens can recover for torts committed by federal law enforcement officials causing damage in a foreign country.\u00a0 The Court stated its opinion hinged on “respect for the separation of powers.”<\/p>\n

“When evaluating whether to extend\u00a0Bivens<\/em>, the most important question \u201cis \u2018who should decide\u2019 whether to provide for a damages remedy, Congress or the courts?\u201d Abbasi<\/em>, 582 U. S., at ___ (slip op., at 12). The correct \u201canswer most often will be Congress.\u201d 582 U. S., at ___ (slip op., at 12). That is undoubtedly the answer here.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Today the U.S. Supreme Court held in Hernandez v. Mesa that the parents (citizens of Mexico) of a teenager (also a citizen of Mexico) who was shot and killed by a U.S. Border Patrol Agent on the Mexican side of the U.S.-Mexico border are prohibited from suing the agent for damages under the U.S. Constitution. CJLF originally joined the case in 2017 to encourage a decision denying the lawsuit.\u00a0 We argued that in a case involving relations between the U.S. and a foreign country, the judicial branch should not step in but should leave the matter to Congress.\u00a0 CJLF’s amicus curiae brief in that case (Hernandez I) is available here.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,11,56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-civil-suits","category-constitution","category-u-s-supreme-court"],"yoast_head":"\nCross-Border Shooting Case Decided Today - Crime & Consequences<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/?p=637\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cross-Border Shooting Case Decided Today - Crime & Consequences\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Today the U.S. Supreme Court held in Hernandez v. Mesa that the parents (citizens of Mexico) of a teenager (also a citizen of Mexico) who was shot and killed by a U.S. Border Patrol Agent on the Mexican side of the U.S.-Mexico border are prohibited from suing the agent for damages under the U.S. Constitution. CJLF originally joined the case in 2017 to encourage a decision denying the lawsuit.\u00a0 We argued that in a case involving relations between the U.S. and a foreign country, the judicial branch should not step in but should leave the matter to Congress.\u00a0 CJLF’s amicus curiae brief in that case (Hernandez I) is available here.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/?p=637\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Crime & Consequences\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CriminalJusticeLegalFoundation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-02-25T23:50:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-02-25T23:53:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/FB_DefaultLJ.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kym Stapleton\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kym Stapleton\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/?p=637\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/?p=637\",\"name\":\"Cross-Border Shooting Case Decided Today - Crime & Consequences\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-02-25T23:50:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-02-25T23:53:21+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/#\/schema\/person\/64a1bbd3548cab46e134fd152b480ed2\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/?p=637#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/?p=637\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/?p=637#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Cross-Border Shooting Case Decided Today\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/\",\"name\":\"Crime & Consequences\",\"description\":\"Crime and criminal law\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/#\/schema\/person\/64a1bbd3548cab46e134fd152b480ed2\",\"name\":\"Kym Stapleton\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.cjlf.org\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/?author=5\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Cross-Border Shooting Case Decided Today - Crime & Consequences","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.crimeandconsequences.blog\/?p=637","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Cross-Border Shooting Case Decided Today - Crime & Consequences","og_description":"Today the U.S. Supreme Court held in Hernandez v. 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